Gaza wine, (vinum Gazentum in Latin), probably identical with Ashkelon wine, was a much-appreciated sweet wine produced mainly during the Byzantine period in southern Palestine, with major production areas in the Negev Highlands and the southern coastal area including the Gaza Strip and Ashkelon.
History
In the early 6th century, grape production in the Negev specifically for Gaza wine experiences a major boom, due to the high demand for this product throughout Europe and the
Middle East.
This has been documented by studying ancient trash mounds at
Shivta, Elusa and
Nessana, which showed a sharp peak in the presence of grape pips and broken "
" (a type of amphorae used in this period to export
goods from the port of Gaza), following a slower rise during the fourth and fifth centuries.
[ However, mid-century two major calamities strike the Byzantine Empire and large parts of the world: a short period of climate change known as the Late Antique Little Ice Age (536-545), caused by huge volcanic eruptions in faraway places, which lead to extreme weather events; and in the 540s the first outbreak of bubonic plague in the Old World, known as the Justinianic Plague.][ Probably as a result of these two events, international trade with luxury goods such as Gaza wine almost grounded to a halt, and in Shivta and other Negev settlements grape production again gave way to subsistence farming, focused on barley and wheat.][ The previously widely accepted theory that the Muslim conquest, which came a century later, and the Khamr were the cause for the decline of the wine industry in the Negev has recently been proven wrong.][ In Nessana, the number of grape pips is even on the rise again during the Early Islamic period, probably due to the Sacramental wine of a local Christian monastery.][ This seems to indicate that the wine industry of the Negev could well be sustained over centuries through appropriate agricultural techniques and in spite of the arid climate, but that the grape monoculture was economically unsustainable in the long run.][
]
In February 2015, several charred grape seeds used to make Gaza wine, estimated to be 1,500-years-old, were discovered in the Negev city of Halutza during a joint excavation by the University of Haifa and the Israel Antiquities Authority.
See also
